RESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo: La celiaquía como enfermedad crónica tiene una alta prevalencia en nuestra sociedad. El artículo analiza los aspectos psicosociales de la enfermedad celíaca en los diferentes entornos, valorando el impacto de la implantación de una dieta estricta libre de gluten. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo entre los meses de Enero del 2013 a Abril del 2013 en el cual, a través de la teoría fundamentada y el análisis de contenido, se ha profundizado en el análisis de las entrevistas semiestructuradas a personas con enfermedad celíaca en España. Se realizaron llamamientos a traves de las redes sociales y grupos de celíacos hasta llegar a la saturación teórica, que determinó el tamaño final de la muestra de 24 personas. Resultados: Educación Sanitaria, Aislamiento social, soledad y desconocimiento social emergieron como categorías centrales en la experiencia de adopción de la dieta libre de gluten a partir del diagnóstico de celiaquía. Conclusión: Los profesionales deben promover y apoyar estrategias de apoyo social basadas en una comprensión íntegra de las experiencias de desarraigo y marginación que los pacientes celíacos experimentan en sus relaciones sociales a través de la comida. Se requiere un aumento de la educación sanitaria para entender e integrar el impacto psicosocial del diagnóstico de celiaquía y la dieta libre de gluten.
ABSTRACT Objective: Celiac disease is a chronic disease which has a high prevalence in our society. The aim of this paper is to explore the process of adapting the celiac in different social environments, assessing the impact of the implementation of a strict gluten-free diet. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out in the months of January 2013 to April 2013 through which the grounded theory and content analysis have deepened the analysis of semi-structured interviews with people with celiac disease in Spain. Appeals via social networks and celiac groups were conducted in order to reach theoretical saturation, which determined the final sample size of 24 people. Results: Social isolation, loneliness and social ignorance are some of the categories that have emerged when we talk about celiac disease and the gluten-free diet. Conclusion: Professionals should promote and support social support strategies based on an integrated understanding of the experiences of displacement and marginalization that celiac patients experience in their social relationships through food. There should be increased health education to understand and integrate the psychosocial impact of the diagnosis of celiac disease and the gluten-free diet.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doença Celíaca , Percepção Social , Doença Celíaca/dietoterapia , Dieta Livre de GlútenRESUMO
ABSTRACT A qualitative, phenomenological, hermeneutical study with the aim of explaining the experience of having a body deformity diagnosed as idiopathic adolescent scoliosis. A semistructured interview conducted with scoliosis patients admitted to the unit of spinal cord at the Vall d'Hebron Hospital was used. The youth defined their scoliosis based on how they perceived their deformity. They spoke of pain and deformity as characteristic symptoms of suffering, and explained how this symptom affected their social relationships. Their deformity was associated with words such as "horrible", "shame", "complex" and "problem." It is concluded that the symptommost referred is pain and the biggest concern of the of the youth was their body aesthetic and feelings associated with it. They attempt to solve this problem by adapting the way they dress and through surgery. Surgery can resolve the body deformity but not self-perception of their body image.
RESUMO Estudo qualitativo, fenomenológico, localizado na hermenêutica, cujo objetivo é explicar a experiência de ter uma deformidade corporal diagnosticada em jovens com escoliose idiopática. Foi conduzida uma entrevista semiestruturada com pacientes portadores de escoliose, internadas na unidade de coluna vertebral do Hospital Vall d'Hebron. Os jovens definiram sua escoliose conforme percebem sua deformidade. Eles falam de dor e deformidade, como sintoma característico do sofrimento, e explicam como este sintoma afeta suas relações sociais. A deformidade é associada a palavras como "horrível", "vergonha", "complexo" e "problema". Conclui-se que o sintoma dor é o mais referido e a maior preocupação dos jovens é a estética corporal e os sentimentos associados. Tentam resolver este problema por adaptação das vestimentas e pela cirurgia. Esta pode corrigir a deformidade, mas não a autopercepção de sua imagen corporal.
RESUMEN Estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico, situado en la hermenéutica, cuyo objetivo es explicar la experiencia de padecer una deformidad corporal en jóvenes diagnosticadas de escoliosis idiopática. Se utiliza una entrevista semiestructurada y dirigida a pacientes con escoliosis, ingresadas en la unidad de raquis del Hospital Vall d´Hebron. Las jóvenes definen su escoliosis según perciben su deformidad. Hablan del dolor como síntoma característico de la deformidad que padecen, y explican cómo este síntoma influye en sus relaciones sociales. Asocian a su deformidad palabras como "horrible", "vergüenza", "complejo" y "problema". Se concluye que el síntoma por excelencia referido es el dolor y que la mayor preocupación de las jóvenes es la estética corporal y los sentimientos asociados a ella. Intentan solucionar este problema adaptando su forma de vestir y mediante cirugía. La cirugía puede solucionar la deformidad pero no la autosatisfacción corporal.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Escoliose , Autoimagem , Imagem Corporal , Adolescente , EmoçõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To learn about the experiences of adolescents diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis. METHOD: Integrative review of the literature published within a specified time frame. RESULTS: For both sexes, the predominant clinical symptom of this condition appears to be the negative effect that the deformity exerts on perceived self-image. Quantitative studies used numerical scores to assess perceptions of body image but did not analyse emotional aspects. Patients treated surgically were found to have a better self-image than patients treated with a brace. Quality of life was improved by a reduction in the magnitude of the curve. CONCLUSION: Spinal deformity exerts a psychological effect on adolescent girls.
Assuntos
Escoliose/psicologia , Autoimagem , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Objective: To learn about the experiences of adolescents diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis. Method: Integrative review of the literature published within a specified time frame. Results: For both sexes, the predominant clinical symptom of this condition appears to be the negative effect that the deformity exerts on perceived self-image. Quantitative studies used numerical scores to assess perceptions of body image but did not analyse emotional aspects. Patients treated surgically were found to have a better self-image than patients treated with a brace. Quality of life was improved by a reduction in the magnitude of the curve. Conclusion: Spinal deformity exerts a psychological effect on adolescent girls. .
Objetivo: Conhecer as experiências vividas por adolescentes com diagnóstico de escoliose idiopática. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, estabelecendo limites no ano de publicação dos documentos. Resultados: Para ambos os sexos, o efeito negativo da deformidade na percepção da própria imagem é o sintoma clínico predominante; os estudos quantitativos apresentam uma classificação numérica para avaliar a percepção da imagem corporal, porém sem recolher os aspectos emocionais; a autoimagem é melhor em pacientes tratados cirurgicamente e pior em pacientes tratados com cinta e a diminuição da magnitude da curva proporciona uma melhor qualidade de vida. Conclusão: A deformidade da coluna vertebral afeta psicologicamente os adolescentes. .
Objetivo: Conocer las experiencias vividas por adolescentes diagnosticados con escoliosis idiopática. Método: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, estableciendo los límites de búsqueda en el año de publicación de los documentos. Resultados: El síntoma clínico predominante para ambos sexos es el efecto negativo de la deformidad en la percepción de la propia imagen; los estudios cuantitativos presentan una clasificación numérica para evaluar la percepción de la imagen corporal sin recoger los aspectos emocionales; la autoimagen es mejor en pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente y peor en pacientes tratados con corsé y la disminución de la magnitud de la curva proporciona una mejor calidad de vida. Conclusión: La deformidad de columna vertebral afecta psicológicamente a los adolescentes. .
Assuntos
Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Escoliose/psicologia , AutoimagemRESUMO
AIM: To describe the perceptions and attitudes of registered nurses (RNs) towards adverse events (AEs) in nursing care. BACKGROUND: The professionals' subjective perspectives should be taken into account for the prevention of AEs in care settings. METHOD: Schütz's social phenomenology was developed. Interviews were conducted with nine Intensive Care Unit RNs. RESULTS: The following five descriptive categories emerged: (1) the occurrence of AEs is inherent to the human condition but provokes a feeling of insecurity, (2) the occurrence of AEs indicates the existence of failures in health care systematization, (3) the professionals' attitudes towards AEs should be permeated by ethical principles; (4) the priority regarding AEs should be the mitigation of harm to patients, and (5) decisions regarding the communication of AEs were determined by the severity of the error. CONCLUSIONS: The various subjective perspectives related to the occurrence of AEs requires a health care systematization with a focus on prevention. Ethical behaviour is essential for the patients' safety. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Activities aimed at the prevention of AEs should be integrated jointly with both the professionals and the health care institution. A culture of safety, not punishment, and improvement in the quality of care provided to patients should be priorities.
